SYNTACTIC VALENCY AND FUNCTIONAL-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF WORD-FORMS

Abstract

Aim. In modern linguistics, it is relevant to study ideas and concepts that were theoretically substantiated in the course of key scientific movements of the 20th century. The fundamental approach to the analysis of grammatical units was laid by the founders of structural linguistics, in particular the French linguistic school. Structural linguistics has developed the key and most widely used scientific method – descriptive. The descriptive method provides a consistent, complete, comprehensive and exhaustive analysis of the research object, provided that it is based on universal and consistent criteria and postulates. The aim of the article is to analyze the functional and semantic features of word-forms from the point of view of their valence; the results obtained make it possible to carry out a theoretical and conceptual addition to the structural category of valence and determine its role in the systemic and structural construction of grammar.

Methods. The main research method is descriptive. Typological analysis was used for functional-semantic and morphological-syntactic taxonomy of word-forms. Comparative-typological analysis of syntaxemes and part-of-speech classes ensured their differentiation in terms of valence capacity.

Results. It is established that the structural-semantic category of valence extends beyond the verb-predicate and encompasses all word-forms that make up the component structure of a sentence. Valence is defined and embodied as a syntactic connection that differentiates typological variants of dependency relations. The doubleordinate connectivity, which determines the interdependence of the components of the predicative center of a sentence, forms the parity status of the noun and verb from the point of view of formal-syntactic and structural-semantic function. These word-forms have a valence determined by their dominant part-of-speech status. The ability to fill the valence position of the main word is a velanty feature, which is inherent in noun (adjectives) and in verbal (adverb) attributes. The valence capacity of word-forms is determined by their primary or secondary function (transposition into another part-of-speech class with the corresponding syntactic function).

Practical significance. The results of the study make it possible to supplement the theoretical concept of the structural category of valence and deepen the functional-semantic analysis of word-forms, typologize part-of-speech classes from the point of view of their syntactic role as components of doubleordinate and subordinate word combinations, and establish their semantic-functional position determined by valence.